Women Athletes in Male Dominated Sports Essay -- Argumentative Persuas

Women Athletes in Male Dominated SportsSports are one of the great American pastimes, but the reality is that sports have encouraged a very diaphanous separation between males and womanishs in the American society. The attitudes acquired through sports are learned on the field and breached into the real world to create conflict between the sexes. The return of gender inequality goes far beyond the sports world, yet male dominated organizations form and support the sexes. With this separation of sexes we see the social and cultural strain on athletes participating in opposite gender sports, because society frowns on women participating in male dominated sports.The idea of sports has always had a masculine viewpoint. It has been seen as unladylike for women to participate in certain sports, let alone those that are primarily male dominated. The American publics fascination with female athletes tennis players, professional golfers, recruit skaters, and gymnasts. These sports demonst rate the agility and elegance natural to women and although athleticism is clearly a major aspect of these sports, the individual stars are known, culturally at least, more for their feminine attributes like self-sacrifice, glamour and grace (Banet-Weiser, p 411). From the article by Banet-Weiser, we can see society and the general public recognition of female athletes has always been base on their feminine beauty and objectified status, rather than their athletic skill, which conk outs a major drawback to womens sports and probably a significant reason why many women drop bug out of sports or have their sexual identity questioned when they try to prove their athleticism.This issue of gender in sport occurs all the time. The masculine assumptions... ... everyone whether male or female needs to incorporate physical activity into their daily routine. Without it, we would not be able to participate in athletics and so what if a woman sweat suit when she is at the gym or playing a sport, it just proves that she is working hard at what she is doing. So, in a way, sport provides communication with otherwise muckle and improves the physical, mental, and emotional well being of a woman. I think we just need to look past the negative aspects of sport because they can distract athletes or even cause them to stop doing what they love. Pressure from society to fit in is always a hard thing to deal with and those that overcome the remarks from audiences or critics become the better person in the long run by looking back at what they accomplished and what they have left behind for many other generations of women athletes to follow.

Alternative Fuel Source :: essays research papers

In one year, America will have tire out 80% of her petroleum reserves. Will we then go to war with the Arabs for the privilege of driving our cars? Will we strip-mine our land for coal and poison the air we breathe to withdraw our autos an additional 100 years? Will we raze our forests for our energy needs? I certainly hope our country will never come to those conclusions. However, someone must make a conclusion hopefully toward an alternate fuel source. The fuel source I would propose is biomass fuel derived from hemp.Hemp is the worlds most versatile plant. It actually improves the soil in which it grows, without chemical fertilizers, while choking out weeds by virtue of its fast dense growth. harmonize to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, over a twenty year period one acre planted with hemp produces as much pulp as 4.1 acres of trees. land hemp at such a fast rate is the key to providing large enough amounts of raw biomass at costs low enough to modify cellulose (the hydr ocarbon provider necessary for fuel production) to recapture lost markets. This versatility has led people to believe it is the only biomass resource capable of making America energy independent. on that point is only one catch the federal government prohibited the growth of hemp in 1938. There were also theories that the major energy industries of the late 30s collaborated to turn back a petroleum-based energy market. Regardless of laws, let us consider hypotheticals. Farmers would be practically guaranteed profit if they could grow hemp for biomass. It also would not take coarse for a measly 6% of the American landmass to start cultivating hemp enough to replace our economys dependence on fossil fuels.

The Russian Mob Essay -- Essays Papers

The Russian ring Organized Crime in a Fledgling DemocracySince the late 1980s the Russian people have experienced one of the most drastic modulations seen in the world to date, a vicissitude from an attempt at communism to a workable capitalist system. As one would expect, this transition has not been painless and has been the impetus of numerous distressing problems for the Russian people. One such problem is organized wickedness. This paper will explore how organized crime during Soviet formula and the Russian Federation has created obstacles in this transition to a functioning market economy. It will illustrate how organized crime has done this by analyzing its transition from the USSR to the Russian Federation, the reasons behind its cosmos today, and how its operation impairs Russias attempts at a market economy. It will also provide some possible solutions for the crises organized crime has created, which currently plague the Russian people. Organized crime has wo rked its way through openings provided by the transition economy to become a setback to the Russian society and economy. Its existence disables successful economic reform by influencing important issues such as competition, entrepreneurship, capital flight, the shadow economy, and violence. Basis in Soviet UnionIn decree to understand organized crime in Russia today and its affect on the Russian economy, one must examine its roots in the Soviet Union. Although many acknowledge the existence of crime syndicates in the USSR, few are aware of their extent during the 70s, 80s, and early 90s. As early as the 1970s, the Russian mafia had advanced to the shape of primary protectors and beneficiaries in the robust Soviet shadow economy (Anderson, 1995, 341... ...8.Shelley, Louise I. Post-Soviet Organized Crime A invigorated resile of Authoritarianism. Russian Organized Crime The raw(a) Threat?. Ed. Phil Williams. London Frank Class, 1997. 123-138.Shelley, Louise I. The Challenge o f Crime and Corruption. Russias Policy Challenges. Ed. Stephen Wegren. invigorated York M. E. Sharpe, 2003. 103-122.Sterling, Claire. Thieves World The Threat of the New Global Network of Organized Crime. New York Simon & Schuster, 1994.Volkov, Vadim. Violent Entrepreneurs. New York Cornell University Press, 2002.Webster, William H., ed. Russian Organized Crime and Corruption Putins Challenge. Washington Center for Strategic and internationalist Studies, 2000.Williams, Phil. How Serious a Threat is Russian Organized Crime?. Introduction. Russian Organized Crime The New Threat?. Ed. Phil Williams. London Frank Class, 1997. 1-28. The Russian Mob Essay -- Essays PapersThe Russian Mob Organized Crime in a Fledgling DemocracySince the late 1980s the Russian people have experienced one of the most drastic transitions seen in the world to date, a transition from an attempt at communism to a workable capitalist system. As one would expect, this transition has not been painless and has been the impetus of many distressing problems for the Russian people. One such problem is organized crime. This paper will explore how organized crime during Soviet rule and the Russian Federation has created obstacles in this transition to a functioning market economy. It will illustrate how organized crime has done this by analyzing its transition from the USSR to the Russian Federation, the reasons behind its existence today, and how its operation impairs Russias attempts at a market economy. It will also provide some possible solutions for the crises organized crime has created, which currently plague the Russian people. Organized crime has worked its way through openings provided by the transition economy to become a setback to the Russian society and economy. Its existence disables successful economic reform by influencing important issues such as competition, entrepreneurship, capital flight, the shadow economy, and violence. Basis in Soviet UnionIn o rder to understand organized crime in Russia today and its affect on the Russian economy, one must examine its roots in the Soviet Union. Although many acknowledge the existence of crime syndicates in the USSR, few are aware of their extent during the 70s, 80s, and early 90s. As early as the 1970s, the Russian mafia had advanced to the status of primary protectors and beneficiaries in the robust Soviet shadow economy (Anderson, 1995, 341... ...8.Shelley, Louise I. Post-Soviet Organized Crime A New Form of Authoritarianism. Russian Organized Crime The New Threat?. Ed. Phil Williams. London Frank Class, 1997. 123-138.Shelley, Louise I. The Challenge of Crime and Corruption. Russias Policy Challenges. Ed. Stephen Wegren. New York M. E. Sharpe, 2003. 103-122.Sterling, Claire. Thieves World The Threat of the New Global Network of Organized Crime. New York Simon & Schuster, 1994.Volkov, Vadim. Violent Entrepreneurs. New York Cornell University Press, 2002.Webster, William H., ed. Rus sian Organized Crime and Corruption Putins Challenge. Washington Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2000.Williams, Phil. How Serious a Threat is Russian Organized Crime?. Introduction. Russian Organized Crime The New Threat?. Ed. Phil Williams. London Frank Class, 1997. 1-28.

Things They Carried Essay: Rebirth of a Spirit :: Things They Carried Essays

Rebirth of a Spirit in The Things They Carried   Speaking of courage is a story found in Tim O Briens The Things They Carried about a solider named Norman Bowker who has returned home from the Vietnam War. As Bowker circles the towns source of pride he comes to realize that the town that he left so mevery old age ago will never be the same. While his life was paused by the war, theirs werent. He also comes to understand that trance the people he once knew arouse changed that he has also changed. He has been consumed by a war and it will forever alter his being.   When Norman Bowker returns to his hometown after the war things seem to have move on without him. It seems that while his life was put on pause, his friends and family had moved on to their lives. His simple wish is for the past to be the present once again. He speaks of his friends sludge Arnold and Sally Kramer. Now, Max was dead and Bowker refers to him as an idea. He talks of how things would be different if Max was around to listen to all his stories and how Max would have enjoyed them. The jeering is that Max is gone. At one time Bowker had carried a picture of Sally in his wallet. He talked of how he would stop and talk to her when he saw her while driving. He decided that he might impress her with his knowledge that he had acquired during the war such as his ability to predict the time at any point during the day within 10 minutes. He repeatedly said if she was to listen. Just like the others she did not want to think about the war, it was in the past. Page 143 makes a clear point that The town could not talk, and would not listen.. It (the town) did not know shit about shit, and did not care to know.   As Bowker continues what seems to be a trip back to what is reality he circles the town lake nearly 13 times. This lake is the life of the town and is very symbolic in itself. On one side of the lake the houses are modern, with big porches and picture windows facing the wate r on the opposite side the houses were described as handsome, though less pricey and on a smaller scale.

Your Organ Donor Status Matters Essay -- Argumentative, Persuasive Ess

I debate you should automatically give your organs because that would turn the balance of organ largess in a huge way. I would donate whatever anybody would take...-- George Clooney According to the Organ Procurement and Transportation Network, a branch of The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, there are over 134,000 people awaiting the lifesaving invest of an organ in the United States. At sixteen, all I could think about was getting my license and finally gaining my independence. The night before going to the DMV my mum helped me file the paperwork, shocked that her little girl was going to be behind the wheel. When she came to the question of becoming a registered organ donor, I quickly responded No I do not want my organs in someone elses body after Im dead I want to be buried whole and complete After a brief discussion, in which my mom tried to explain what being a registered donor entailed, I serene held my ground on NOT becoming a donor. I had no idea then the impact the system as a whole would father on my life. At sixteen, when I made my decision not to become a registered donor, there were many things I did not know about donation and the donation system as a whole. Many misconceptions of donation were at that forefront of my mind, as they are the first things many people think of when they think on donation. The biggest and most popular reason to not become a donor is a strong mistrust in doctors and the entire medical system. Tiffanie Wen, a freelance writer who has written articles on the topic of organ donation, recently wrote in The Atlantic, Quick an associate professor of communication at the University of Illinois and his colleagues have canvass how watching Greys Anatomy ca... ...n the Default Choice or Allocation Rule. Journal of Health Economics. 32.6 (2013) 1117-29. Print. Millman, Jason. One Way to Boost Organ Donations exactly Keep Asking. Washington Post. The Washington Post, 18 Aug. 2014 . Web. 10 Feb. 2015. Parker-Pope, Tara. The Reluctant Organ Donor. Well New York Times. The New York Times, 16 Apr. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2015. Richards, Janet Radcliffe. Opting in and Out A Methodological Case Study. The Ethics of Transplants Why Careless Thought Costs Lives. Oxford Oxford UP, 2012. 7+. Print. Teresi, Dick. What You Lose When You Sign That Donor Card. WSJ. Wall Street Journal, 4 Apr. 2012. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. Wen, Tiffanie. Why Dont More People Want to Donate Their Organs? The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 10 Nov. 2014. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.

Your Organ Donor Status Matters Essay -- Argumentative, Persuasive Ess

I esteem you should automatically donate your organs because that would turn the balance of organ donation in a huge way. I would donate whatever anybody would take...-- George Clooney According to the electric organ Procurement and Transportation Network, a branch of The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, there are over 134,000 great deal awaiting the lifesaving gift of an organ in the United States. At sixteen, all I could think about(predicate) was getting my license and finally gaining my independence. The night before expiration to the DMV my mom helped me file the paperwork, shocked that her little girl was going to be behind the wheel. When she came to the question of becoming a registered organ donor, I quickly responded No I do not penury my organs in someone elses body after Im dead I want to be buried unanimous and complete After a brief discussion, in which my mom tried to explain what being a registered donor entailed, I still held my ground on NOT becoming a donor. I had no idea then the impact the system as a whole would befool on my life. At sixteen, when I made my decision not to become a registered donor, there were many things I did not know about donation and the donation system as a whole. Many misconceptions of donation were at that forefront of my mind, as they are the first things many people think of when they think on donation. The biggest and most popular reason to not become a donor is a strong mistrust in doctors and the entire checkup system. Tiffanie Wen, a freelance writer who has written articles on the topic of organ donation, recently wrote in The Atlantic, Quick an associate professor of communication at the University of Illinois and his colleagues have studied how watching Greys Anatomy ca... ...n the Default Choice or Allocation Rule. Journal of Health Economics. 32.6 (2013) 1117-29. Print. Millman, Jason. One Way to Boost Organ Donations Just Keep Asking. Washington Post. T he Washington Post, 18 Aug. 2014. Web. 10 Feb. 2015. Parker-Pope, Tara. The Reluctant Organ Donor. Well New York Times. The New York Times, 16 Apr. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2015. Richards, Janet Radcliffe. Opting in and bug out A Methodological Case Study. The Ethics of Transplants Why Careless Thought Costs Lives. Oxford Oxford UP, 2012. 7+. Print. Teresi, Dick. What You Lose When You Sign That Donor Card. WSJ. Wall Street Journal, 4 Apr. 2012. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. Wen, Tiffanie. Why Dont More People Want to Donate Their Organs? The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 10 Nov. 2014. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.

Case Study: Shutterfly

Its as easy as a snap shot. Shutterfly has made large(p) marketing decisions by dint of-out the years. No matter the year they were always moving ahead of the technology of their time. With not many digital cameras flouting around and internet at soft dial-up connections, Shutterfly were allowing the upload of digital images to order prints from a web-based company. This was new to people flat with rabbit speed broadband. Always looking forward, Shutterfly now overhear become a major force in the online characterization-printing industry. Shutterfly has put considerable effort into keeping quality in focus. Investing in certain business aids, the photo touch on company has created a name for themselves and improved service quality. To showcase their quality they invested in special printing equipment so they could control the clear, crisp and colorful range quality instead of relaying on orders from an outside photo processing firm that may not perform to Shutterflys standar d. This maintained Shutterflys quality as reliable with very little to no variation of quality.The new special printing equipment also included photo enhancement functions to provide customers with helpful photo improvements, like red-eye effect, to ensure their satisfaction. Furthermore, they distinguished themselves from other photo companies by giving costumers the option to upload and store their photos on Shutterflys website. They even promised never to delete any photos which provideds great customer contact and is highly valued by their costumer base. In all, Shutterfly has managed the challenges of heterogeneity very well and get to created a reliable, quality photo processing company.Going through ups and downs throughout the years, Shutterfly has used marketing to draw customers to their product. Early on, they encouraged adoption through offering loosen photo printing. They gave away more than 80 percent of the prints in the first six months. Although after intense comp etition in 2003, Shutterfly needed to try something different. In 2005, CEO, Jeff Housenbold, launched a next generation personal publishing plan that would let costumers take, use, and share photos at their own home. But before the launch of this new platform they surveyed customers to gain better knowledge of customers needs and preferences.This platform provided customers with company search qualities where they could experience Shutterfly prior to purchase. In addition the company negotiated to license well know characters such as Clifford and SpongeBob Squarepants for personalized photo greeting cards, photo albums, and other products. To introduce these new offerings Shutterfly used print ads in various parenting magazines and womans magazines and commercials on the Home Shopping Network. Shutterfly has shown their dedication to customers satisfaction by adding supplemental features as well as symbolic and experiential benefits to their offerings.The CEO notes that people h ave an intrinsic desire for social expression and that prints are a great way to tell a story, however, he believes in telling the story through other ways. Widening their product mix, Shutterfly has provided T-shirts, jewelry boxes and tote bags that help satisfy that desire for social expression. You will see a lot more of that says a senior vice president. Additionally, licensing well-known Nickelodeon characters on greeting cards provides excellent symbolic benefits of playfulness and even fulfills peoples creativity.In other words, it tells a story. They even offer online interaction so that customers can share their stories quick and hassle free. Through considerable effort and strong customer contact, Shutterfly has provided offerings and major benefits to those offerings. Their are dual reasons why Shutterfly would license Nickelodeon characters for personalized photo products. One reason is that the well-known characters create a popular product line that customers can ut ilise to share their stories. It gives the customers a networking platform to start from and it is playful and fun. Also it provides wider options for customized photos.For example, if a customer destinyed to provide a frame on the picture accordingly they could use one of these characters to do so. Lastly and most crucially, these characters are geared more towards children and as a photo company many of the processed photos extend to be memories of peoples children or past childhood. Providing these Nickelodeon characters is a great way to draw in customers and maybe even make a larger profit. They have sold 400 million prints, storing at least 1 billion images for its customers and have increased sales by a impressive 670 percent in the last five years to nearly $100 million.It is without question that Shutterfly is closely associated with quality and responsive service. They have maintained a excellent customer storage rate and are still expanding to this very day. Through ups and downs and hard competition they enable people to convey the strong emotion in their photos with ease. People want to capture and share their experiences, to relive special moments, to communicate their memories, and Shutterfly provides the best service to do so the best service to tell a story.

Coney Island and Victorian Culture Essay

Coney Island at the turn of the century was a bustling and growing place. populate of all severalizees traveled from innovative York City as well as other parts of the world to take part in the famous recreations that doed to taunt the cockeyed corsets of Victorian gentility. Inspired by the Columbian exhibition in 1893 George Tilyou began to build a park on Coney Island germ with the Ferris Wheel confusable to that featured at the exposition which was designed by the Pennsylvania Steel Company. By 1895 Tilyou opened Steeplechase park and began to fill it with acts and side shows thus inspired by his travels a few years prior.While concentrating on the appeal to all walks of life Tilyou acquired A Ride to The Moon from Fredric Thompson and Elmer Dundy who built the ride specifically for the Pan-Ameri privy Exposition in Buffalo, New York. A short season later in 1902 Thompson and Dundy left hand Steeplechase to create Luna Park taking the amusement with them. Playing of f the near popular sport on Coney Island, Tilyou obtained a mechanical horse race that took riders on a thirty second ride around a track nail with hills and sharp turns.Other attractions added to the park included the Human Roulette Wheel which threw riders in all directions and Earthquake Stairs which jostled climbers and challenged them to descend a shaking stair case. These attractions as well as the wild side shows caused great deal to forward off all conventionality and made them rub elbows with other classes while having unrestricted fun. While Steeplechase drew visitors to the peninsula it also increased in the popularity of swimming or bathing as it was referred to in Victorian speak.People on a hot New York day adventured to Steeple Chase and the beach by various means of transportation. Donning the latest in bathing fashions people enjoyed more than than unrestricted fun regardless of any class system in the water. Although Victorians looked down their noses at the amusements and public bathing, people tranquilize flocked to the beaches and spla pretermit in the chili pepper waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Ruckus rides and the ability to socialize appealed to the younger generations looking to toss off the oppressive garbs of Victorian gentility and just have distinct unrestrictive fun.In 1907 tragedy struck Steeplechase as fire ravaged the park leaving a smoking ruin. In the efforts to withal turn a dollar Tilyou charged admission to the ruins of the once great park. During the rebuilding, Luna Park benefited from the loss and treated guests to a ultramodern park with rides to thrill perpetuallyyone. The old-fashionedness of Steeplechase was challenged as Luna Park, the most modern of its time dazzled park goers with electric lights and tall white towers bathed in bright bulbs.This enabled the park to operate at night. But still people remained loyal to the original amusement park they knew so well even though built anew from smoldering r uins. George Tilyou sadly passed away in 1914 aft(prenominal) seeing his park through another fire in 1911 which claimed never-never land. Luckily enough the winds shifted and spared his park from a second disaster. By 1914 the amusement park began to come in out of favor. The once well loved and most visited park suffered a loss in the visitors during the hot New York summers.Steeplechase continued to operate and help people socialize and essentially come out of the tight bonds of gentility by offering a carefree time with out restrictions. Then on New Years Eve 1964 the last light was turned off for the final time at the ill fated old fashioned park. Luna Park on the other hand was not as popular as the original park but provided new wonders for those curious and daring enough to look to it out. Created after the Beaux-Arts movement of the time Thompson an erratic architect began to design the park as a world where someone could be lost in fantasy.By opening day on May 16th 190 3 Luna Park opened its doors to the wonderment of many people seeking out entertainment and new amusements to help them shed the conventionality of the structured Victorian world. Here we can clearly see where still Steeplechase was cherished wish well a child hugs a hassle teddy bear but the new adventure which was named Luna was embraced for its latest technologies that Steeplechase clearly was lacking. With over 1 million lights, long distance telephone service, telegraph and radio services Luna Park became a city with in a city.With Thompson and Dundys success in creating illusion rides for the park guests they still relied on others as well. When they left the employment of Tilyou after the 1902 season they brought their famed Ride to the Moon amusement with them. Counting on its fame from Steeplechase park and the illustrious past of being featured at the Pan-American Exposition in 1901 the creators hoped it would bring the crowds in. With more and more people seeking a day at the park and on the beach both position helped make Coney Island known world wide and soon became a top tourist destination.At a time when high society still held restrictions of how men and women should act in public in high regards, more and more people used these parks as a way to shed the restrictions of society and seek titillating amusements and fill curiosities each other had that Victorian culture had suppressed over the years with rules and barriers against those who dared to go against the prim and proper societies. engineering in these times were changing and what better place to display these but at amusement parks and expositions.Younger Victorians embraced these changes and viewed them as a move toward the future. We can clearly see where walls were broken down between classes while all walks of life frolicked on the beaches of Coney Island, screamed on the same rides, and traveled truehearteder than they ever had in their lives. Luna Park and Steeplechase side b y side were wonderful congresswomans of old an new. While people still embraced the old curious onlookers sought out attractions that displayed futurist gadgets.By the creation of the final park Dreamland in 1904 tourism and the shedding of Victorian genteel ways were in full swing. Dreamland brought more pleasure seekers to the peninsula and more bathers to the sea shore. The park was built by William Reynolds who is best known for his crooked dealings with Tammany Hall. Dreamland became the park to rival the other 2 on the peninsula. It is said that the park would be anything unlike the modern world has seen. The main tower of Dreamland had a beacon that shined out to sea and muddled many ships coming into port.The amusement park sparkled as guests promenaded through the many attractions and thrill rides. With Dreamland promising amusement in a more honor way the creators tried to offer Culture to those who visited the park. Providing a grand ballroom and upscale restaurants fr om around the world Dreamland attempted to cater to the upper class leaving lower classes to attend the older less dignified parks. The developers still provided rides and attractions that rivaled the other parks and even stole ideas from them as well.Americans were fascinated by disasters. fight the Flames was a good example of this as New Yorkers were most familiar with tenement houses catching fire and many people dying. People could identify with this ride. As tenement style buildings covered in asbestos were set ablaze, firefighters came to the rescue of the tenants who jumped to their safety in huge nets below. With rides like Shoot the Chutes guests at Dreamland were still treated to rides that caused them to throw off all conventionalities. Dreamland with its intentions to preserve all that is roper and dignified still provided outrageous outlets that caused people to smile and scream like they never had before. Sideshows still prevailed like Bostocks Circus and Captain Bo navitas Lion Show. They treated guests to clowns, wild animals, and daring stunts which caused people to gasp and look on in awe. Dreamland gave people a look at the world in their own backyard. Rides like Touring the Alps which provided riders with a simulated ride through the Alps complete with blasts of cold air to the Japanese Tea Room which gave people a look at cultures foreign to their own.The achievements of creating an atmosphere of wonderment and awe like that of the preceding expositions held in Chicago and Buffalo, Reynolds achieved ultimate success in helping people question their hum drum ways and rules that bound them tightly. On May 27 1911 the wonderment that was known as Dreamland came to an end when it burned to the ground. Complaints by the fire departments that fought the flames were low water pressure. It was said that Reynolds built the park so fast that he built over fire hydrants.The mistakes and rush to greed cost him his park only seven short years later. The fire although sparing because of the winds did not leave Thompsons railway alone. Sadly but fortunately that was one of a few external victims of the fire caused by greed. Fred Thompson found General motorbus Samuel Gumpertz staring blankly at the ruins. Reynolds decided not to rebuild the park and Gumpertz opened a freak show in a large tent. This was the beginning of the end of Coney Island, the most famous playground of the early 20th century.Luna Park and Steeplechase continued to operate through many changes of attractions. The 1920s ushered in rides like The Wonder Wheel and The Cyclone. It is joked immigrants who came to this country saw The Wonder Wheel first before seeing the Statue of Liberty. Still The Wonder Wheel is a wonderful example of freedom through good times and laughter and the shedding of old ways to a new life. By the close of the season of 1946 Luna Park could no longer afford to keep its gates open to the dwindling visitors.That which was new and excit ing became old and worn out. Steeplechase continued to operate and pride itself of being travel from the ashes still provided visitors with aging and familiar rides. By the opening of Astro Park in 1962 this began to spell the end of the turn of the century amusements. At the stroke of midnight New old age Eve 1964 the last light was turned out on the oldest amusement park of the time leaving behind a legacy of fun and a little known waltz written for the opening of Dreamland entitled Meet Me Tonight in Dreamland.By looking at the amusement parks of the early 20th century we can clearly see where proper Victorians were given the opportunity to shed the constrictions of a culture that forced them into a protected part of society. Here creators of parks provided a person all types of amusements and bathing which for proper Victorians swimming with people of the opposite sex was just scandalous. many another(prenominal) of the older generations still held fast to their convictions o f manners and proper ways. In many ways Coney Island was a petrie dish for societies and cultures.Could they truly leave behind the tight corsets and stiff collars to have fun with all folks of all classes with out concern for class stratification due to wealth, power or even trick up? The writer of this believes yes. This was a place where society began to leave behind their constrictions and just have plain fun. Therefore unmaking Victorian culture as it was known.

Creative writing about George and Lennie Essay

Stumbling through the wet fume the two came frantically running, looking behind them at every few strides, breathing hard, disturbing the green grass and disrupting the harmony of the birds sitting in trees chirping and whistling the final songs of the day, while dogs barked and people shouted far behind them. A voice could be heard cheering above the crowd Theyre headed for the fields, comon George grumbled, breathing frantically Damnit comon you crazy bastard, they near got us Im trying George, I wander just now Is tired Lennie wheezed.The two were passing fields, when they came to an irrigation ditch, George thought about it and he pulled lennie into the ditch with him. Get your head down George shouted but lennie didnt do a thing, George annoyed, shoved him under the murky water, they could hear the shouts getting shut outr and the dogs growling. A man said Where the hell did they get to? another close to him said The dogs ave lost the scent they musta went thru that ditc h and off into the woods, no way we could get them now Damn ok everyone back up to the townspeople for a head count then we can all go home, its getting lateWith these words saw George give a sigh of reprieve as he gently surfaced bringing lennie with him, George taking his hat began to wring out the water, lennie copying his movements did the same, George set his crease and made his way quietly up the bank of the ditch, peering over the edge he watched torch light and man slowly disappear toward weed under the setting sun, he turned back to lennie, Now why the hell did you touch that gals dress? Comon you better have a costly excuse or Ill clobber ya Lennie was whimpering same(p) a fearful puppy Honest George I dint mean no wrong, I jus wanted to feel her dress George yelled why?Lennie? Hmm? What so good about that dress? lennie cowered in his jacket his shoulders covering his cheeks It was so purty George, it was red colored and soft as a rabbit, you know how I likes rabbits George Seeing the freshness in his face when he said it made George calm down, he remember who lennie was, he settled down do a smile Ya gravid lummox, one day your gonna get us some real trouble, but youre my responsibility so we gotta stick close lennie returned a half hearted grinning tranquillise slightly frigtenened Ok George George got up to look around once more, he spotted an old vitamin B not far from the ditch they were in. justly comon now we get us some shut-eye then try and get us some work, some place Lennies face lit up remembering what this all lead up to An I get to tend the rabbits George Huh? Huh? Yeah, yeah but we gotta get us a stake original George replied George and lennie had settled down in the old barn, its walls were white with paint peeling, the roof was held up by 3 beams across the top and toward the ground, the winds outside made the barn creak eerily and lennie was having trouble sleeping, the ground was scattered with straw and the only thing in the barn was some sacks, tools and a work bench, it was less a barn than a shed.George? George you asleep What? George cant you do somethin about the wind? No, now go to sleep, have to wake up early tomorra George said still half asleep Sorry George lennie said, eventually the morning came. lennie Lennie Wake up Comon we gonna miss the damn bus ok George, ok lennie said as he packed his bindle and sorted himself, and hurried off with George They had gotten to the stop just in time, they paid their fare, and were on their way to get some work at.

Media Ethics and Laws

Indian Contr be active stage 1872 The faithfulness relating to captures in India is contained inIndian Contract crook, 1872. The Act was passed byBritish Indiaand is based on the principles ofEnglish Common Law. It is applicable to the all in all the States of India except the State ofJammu & Kashmir. It determines the circumstances in which promise make by the parties to a make sh exclusively be effectu totallyy binding on them. All of us enter into a number of pin downs everyday knowingly or unknowingly. Each squelch take a leaks few right and duties upon the carteling parties.Indian study deals with the enforcement of these rights and duties upon the parties in India. - Definition instalment 2(h) of the Act defines the term take aim as whatever concordance enforceable by legal philosophy. There ar two essentials of this act, agreement and enforceability. Section 2(e) defines agreement as every promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other. Again Section 2(b) defines promise in these words when the soulfulness to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted.Proposal when accepted, be get bys apromise. And other words Say stipulation is Sum of all trim down argon agreement, and all agreement are not direct.. CONTRACT=AGREEMENT+ENFORCEABLE BY LAW( LAW) - editEssential Elements of a legal Contract According to Section 10, All agreements are contracts, if they are made by the free consent of the parties, competent to contract, for a lawful consideration with a lawful object, and not hereby expressly to be void. Essential Elements of a Valid Contract are . Proper offer and proper acceptance. there must(prenominal)(prenominal) be an agreement based on a lawful offer made by person to another and lawful acceptance of that offer made by the latter. entropytion 3 to 9 of the contract act, 1872 lay down the rules for making well-grounded acceptance 2. Lawful co nsideration An agreement to form a legitimate contract should be supported by consideration. Consideration means something in return (quid pro quo). It grass be cash, kind, an act or abstinence. It can be past, present or future. However, consideration should be real and lawful. . Competent to contract or capacity In order to make a valid contract the parties to it must be competent to be contracted. According to section 11 of the Contract Act, a person is considered to be competent to contract if he satisfies the following criterion * The person has reached the age of maturity. * The person is of sound straits. * The person is not disqualified from contracting by any law. 4. Free take To refer a valid contract there must be free and genuine consent of the parties to the contract.It should not be obtained by misrepresentation, fraud, coercion, undue influence or mistake. 5. Lawful Object and Agreement The object of the agreement must not be illegal or unlawful. 6. Agreement not declared void or illegal Agreements which defecate been expressly declared void or illegal by law are not enforceable at law because they do not constitute a valid contract. 7. Intention To Create Legal Relationships- when the two parties enter in to an agreement,there must be intention to create a legal relationship between them if there is no such intention on the part of the parties .. here is no contract between them .. agreements of a social or domestic reputation do not contemplate legal relationshipas such they are not contracts. 8. Certainty, Possibility Of transaction 9. Legal Formalities 10. by surity - editTypes of contracts On the basis of validity 1. Valid contract An agreement which has all the essential cistrons of a contract is called a valid contract. A valid contract can be enforced by law. 2. Void contractSection 2(g) A void contract is a contract which ceases to be enforceable by law.A contract when originally entered into may be valid and binding on the parties. It may subsequently become void. There are many judgments which cook stated that where any crime has been converted into a Source of Profit or if any act to be done under any contract is opposed to Public Policy under any contractthan that contract itself cannot be enforced under the law- 3. Voidable contractSection 2(i) An agreement which is enforceable by law at the option of one or more of the parties thereto, but not at the option of other or others, is a voidable contract.If the essential element of free consent is missing in a contract, the law confers right on the aggrieved party either to reject the contract or to accept it. However, the contract continues to be good and enforceable unless it is repudiated by the aggrieved party. 4. Illegal contract A contract is illegal if it is forbidden by law or is of such nature that, if permitted, would defeat the provisions of any law or is fraudulent or involves or implies injury to a person or plaza of another, or flirt regards it as immoral or opposed to public policy.These agreements are punishable by law. These are void-ab-initio. All illegal agreements are void agreements but all void agreements are not illegal. 5. Unenforceable contract Where a contract is good in substance but because of some technical defect cannot be enforced by law is called unenforceable contract. These contracts are neither void nor voidable. On the basis of formation 1. Express contract Where the terms of the contract are expressly agreed upon in words (written or spoken) at the time of formation, the contract is said to be express contract. . Implied contract An implied contract is one which is inferred from the acts or conduct of the parties or from the circumstances of the brasss. Where a proposal or acceptance is made otherwise than in words, promise is said to be implied. 3. Quasi contract A quasi contract is created by law. Thus, quasi contracts are strictly not contracts as there is no intention of parties to enter into a contract. It is legal obligation which is imposed on a party who is mandatory to do it.A quasi contract is based on the principle that a person shall not be allowed to enrich himself at the expense of another. On the basis of performance 1. Executed contract An executed contract is one in which both the parties have performed their respective obligation. 2. Executory contract An executory contract is one where one or both the parties to the contract have still to perform their obligations in future. Thus, a contract which is part performed or wholly unperformed is termed as executory contract. . Unilateral contract A unilateral contract is one in which only one party has to perform his obligation at the time of the formation of the contract, the other party having fulfilled his obligation at the time of the contract or before the contract comes into existence. 4. bilaterally symmetrical contract A bilateral contract is one in which the obligation on both the parties to the contract is popstanding at the time of the formation of the contract. bilaterally symmetrical contracts are also known as contracts with executory consideration. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881was passed by British India and for over 130 years and except for amendments, the question of revising the act as a whole never been raised. According to Section of the Negotiable Instruments Act means Anegotiable operatormeans a promissory note, bill of rally or cheque payable either to order or to bearer. 3But in Section 1, it is also described thatLocal extent, Saving of engagement relating to hundis, etc. , Commencement. It extends to the whole of India but nothing herein contained affects the Indian Paper Currency Act, 1871, Section 2, or affects any local usage relating to any instrument in an oriental language. Provided that such usages may be excluded by any words in the body of the instrument, which indicate and intention that the legal r elations of the parties thereto shall be governed by this Act and it shall come into force on the first day of March, 1882. 3 - editModern era and Negotiable Instruments prefer to carry a small musical composition of paper known asChequerather than carrying the currency worth the value of theCheque. Before 1988 there being no provision to restrain the person issuing theChequewithout having sufficient funds in his account. Of course onDishonoured chequethere is a civil liability accrued. However in domain it takes a long time to recover the money. In order to visualize promptitude and remedy against the defaulters of the Negotiable Instrument a criminal remedy of penalisation was inserted in Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 by amending it with Negotiable Instruments Act, 1988. 3 With the insertion of these provisions in the Act the situation definitely alterd and the instances of dishonour have relatively come down but on account of application of different interpretative techn iques by different High Courts on different provisions of the Act it pass on compounded and complicated the situation although on dishonour of cheques the trends of the verdicts of theSupreme Court of Indiaunequivocally demonstrate that there is subconscious judicial pressure in the mind of the Judges which leans heavily in favour of the holder of the cheque. -The sales of goods act 1930 Presentation Transcript * 1. The sales of goods act 1930 Meaning of sale and goods Conditions and warranties Transfer of declareing Rights of an unpaid shareer * 2. The law of sale of goods was contained in chapter VII of the Indian contract Act. 1872 Contracts for the sale of goods are return to the general legal principles applicable to all contracts, such as offer and its acceptance or other essential elements of a contract. * 3. Contract of sale of goods A contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the keeping in goods to emptor for a price .The term contract of sale is a generic term and includes both a sale and an agreement to sell. * 4. Sale and agreement to sell Where under a contract of sale, the property in the goods is transferred from the seller to the purchaser, the contract is called a sale but where the transfer of the property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some delimitates thereafter to be fulfilled. The contract is called agreement to sell . An agreement to sell becomes a sale when the time elapses or the conditions, subject to which the property in the goods is to be transferred are fullfilled. 5. Essentials of a contract of sale Two parties there must be two distinct parties i. e a buyer and the seller, to effect a contract of sale and they must be competent to enter into a contract. Goods there must be some goods the property in which is or is to be transferred from the seller to the buyer. The goods which form the subject matter of the contract of sale must be movable. Transfer of immovable property is not regulated by the sale of goods Act. Price the consideration for the contract of sale, called price, must be money. When goods are exchanged for goods, if is not a sale but a barter.Partly in money and kind is a contract of sale. All the essential elements of a valid contract. * 6. Distinction between sale and an agreement to sell In a sale the property in the goods passes from the seller to the buyer immediately so that the seller is no more the owner of the goods sold. A sale can only be in case of existing and particularized goods only. In an agreement to sell the transfer of property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to certain conditions to be fulfilled. It is nearly in case of future and contingent goods . * 7.Risk of loss falls on the buyer even though they are in the self-discipline of seller. Seller can sue for price in case of weaken, possession may be with seller. Risk of loss is with seller even though goo ds are in the possession of buyer. Seller can only sue for damages though goods may be in the possession of the buyer. * 8. Conditions and warranties A stipulation in a contract of sale with reference to goods which are the subject thereof may be a condition or a guarantee ( sec 12(1). Condition a condition is a stipulation which is essential to the main purpose of the contract.It goes to the root of the contract, its non fulfillment upsets the very basis of the contract. If there is a give out of a condition, the aggrieved party can treat the contract as repudiated. Ex truck which is now in Bombay should proceed * 9. warrantee Sec 12(3) a guarantee is a stipulation which is collateral to the main purpose of the contract. It is not of such vital importance as condition is. If there is a breach of a warranty, the aggrieved party can only claim damages and it has no right to treat the contract as repudiated. * 10.Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition or a warr anty depends in each case on the construction of the contract as a whole. The motor lodge is not guided by the terminology used by the parties to the contract. A stipulation may be a condition though called a warranty in the contract. ( sec 12(4)). * 11. Difference between condition and warranty Condition Stipulation essential to the main purpose Breach of condition, contract can be repudiated A breach of condition may be treated as breach of warranty. stock warrant Stipulation collateral to the main urpose of the contract Breach of warranty the aggrieved party can claim damages only A breach of warranty, cannot be treated as a breach of a condition. * 12. When conditions to be treated as warranty Voluntary waiver of condition where a contract of sale is subject to any condition to be fulfilled by the seller, the buyer may (a) waive the condition or (b) elect to treat the breach of the condition as a breach of warranty. If the buyer once decides to waive the condition he cannot a fterwards insists on its fulfillment. * 13. 2. cceptance of goods by buyer where a contract of sale is not severable and the buyer has accepted the goods or part thereof, the breach of any condition to be fulfilled by the seller can only be treated as a breach of warranty. Unless there is an agreement to the contrary. * 14. Express and implied conditions and warranties Implied conditions Condition as to title (a) in the case of a sale, he has a right to sell the goods and (b) in the case of an agreement to sell he will have a right to sell the goods at the time when the property is to pass.Sale by definition where there is a contract for the sale of goods by description, there is an implied condition that the goods shall correspond, there is an implied condition that the goods shall correspond with the description. * 15. Condition as to quality or fitness the condition as to quality or fitness is implied where (a) the goods sold are such as the seller deals in the ordinary course o f his business (b) the buyer relies on the sellers expertness or judgment as to the fitness of the goods for any particular purpose (C) the buyer expressly or impliedly makes known to the seller that he wants the goods for that particular purpose.Condition as to merchantability where goods are bought by description from a seller who deals in goods of that description , it means goods should be such as commercially saleable under the description by which they are known in the market at their full value. * 16.Condition implied by custom an implied condition as to the quality or fitness for a particular purpose may be annexed by usage of trade Sale by sample implied condition that the bulk shall correspond with the sample in quality, that the buyer shall have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample, that the goods shall be free from any defect, rendering them un-merchantable. Condition as to wholesomeness in the case of eatables and provisions, in addition to me rchantability, there is another implied condition that the goods shall by wholesome. * 17.Implied warranties Warranty of quiet possession if the buyer is any way disturbed in the sport of the goods in consequence of the sellers defective title to sell, he can claim damages from the seller. Warranty of freedom from encumbrances the goods are free from any charge or encumbrance in favor of any third party. Warranty as to quality or fitness by usage of trade. Warranty to disclose dangerous nature of goods * 18. Caveat emptor Let the buyer beware In a contract of sale of goods the seller is under no duty to reveal unflattering truths about the goods sold.Therefore when a person buys some goods, he must examine them thoroughly. If the goods turn out to be defective or do not suit his purpose or he depends upon his own skill or judgment and makes a bad selection, he cannot blame anybody excepting himself. * 19. Exceptions fittingness for buyers purpose Sale under a patent or trade name Merchantable quality Usage of trade Consent by fraud - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade TheGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) was a multilateral agreement regulating world(prenominal) trade.According to its preamble, its purpose was the substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of preferences, on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis. It was negotiated during theUNConference on Trade and custom and was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create theInternational Trade Organization(ITO). GATT was signed in 1948 and lasted until 1993, when it was replaced by theWorld Trade Organizationin 1995. The original GATT textbook (GATT 1958) is still in effect under the WTO framework, subject to the modifications of GATT 1994. 1 - The Companies Act, 1956 The Companies Act 1956is anActof theParliament of India, enacted in 1956, which enabledcompaniesto be formed by registration, and set out the responsibilities o f companies, theirdirectorsandsecretaries. 1 The Companies Act 1956 is administered by theGovernment of India through with(predicate) theMinistry of Corporate Affairsand the Offices of Registrar of Companies, Official Liquidators, Public Trustee,Company Law Board, Director of Inspection, etc.The Registrar of Companies (ROC) handles incorporation of new companies and the authorities of running companies. Since its commencement, it has been amended many times, in which amendment of 1988, 1990, 1996, 2000 and 2011 are notable. - Provisions of the Act The Act is 658 sections long. It contains provisions about Companies, directors of the companies, memorandum and articles of associations, etc. This act states and discusses every integrity provision requires or may need to govern a company. Intellectual property From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article isIntellectual Property (film) * * * * Intellectual property(IP) is ajuridicalconcept which refers to creations of th e mind for whichexclusive rightsare recognized. 1Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible asset assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works discoveries and inventions and words, phrases, symbols, and designs.Common types of intellectual property rights includecopyright,trademarks,patents,industrial design rightsand in some jurisdictionstrade secrets. Although many of the legal principles political science intellectual property rights have evolved over centuries, it was not until the 19th coke that the termintellectual propertybegan to be used, and not until the late 20th century that it became commonplace in the majority of the world. 2The BritishStatute of Anne1710 and theStatute of Monopolies 1623are now seen as the origins ofcopyrightandpatent lawrespectively. 3 Objectives The stated objective of most intellectual property law (with the exception of trademarks) is to Promote progress. 13By exchanging limi ted exclusive rights for disclosure of inventions and creative works, society and the patentee/copyright owner mutually benefit, and an fillip is created for inventors and authors to create and disclose their work. Some commentators have noted that the objective of intellectual property legislators and those who support its implementation appears to be absolute protection. If some intellectual property is desirable because it encourages innovation, they reason, more is better. The thinking is that creators will not have sufficient incentive to invent unless they are legally entitled to capture the full social value of their inventions. 14This absolute protection or full value view treats intellectual property as another type of real property, typically adopting its law and rhetoric. opposite recent developments in intellectual property law, such as theAmerica Invents Act, stress international harmonization.Trademarklaw is not based in theintellectual property clauseof the U. S. Co nstitution, and has distinct policy objectives which are not discussed here. editFinancial incentive editEconomic growth editMorality - Foreign metamorphose Management Act From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia TheForeign Exchange Management Act(FEMA) was an act passed in the winter session of Parliament in 1999 which replacedForeign Exchange Regulation Act. This act seeks to make offenses related to impertinent exchangecivil offenses. It extends to the whole ofIndia. 1 FEMA, which replacedForeign Exchange Regulation Act(FERA), had become the need of the hour since FERA had become incompatible with the pro-liberalisation policies of theGovernment of India. FEMA has brought a new management administration of Foreign Exchange consistent with the emerging framework of theWorld Trade Organisation(WTO). It is another matter that the enactment of FEMA also brought with it thePrevention of Money clean Act2002, which came into effect from 1 July 2005. Unlike other laws where everything is permitted unless specifically prohibited, under this acteverything was prohibited unless specifically permitted.Hence the tenor and tone of the Act was very drastic. It required imprisonment even for minor offences. Under FERAa person was presumed guilty unless he proved himself innocent, whereas under other lawsa person is presumed innocent unless he is proven guilty. Contentshide * 1Switch from FERA * 2Need for its management * 3Main Features * 4References * 5External links - editSwitch from FERA The done in 1974, a period when Indias foreign exchange reserve position wasnt at its best. A new control in place to improve this position was the need of the hour.FERA did not succeed in restricting activities, especially the expansion of TNCs (Transnational Corporations). The concessions made to FERA in 1991-1993 showed that FERA was on the verge of becoming redundant. 2After the amendment of FERA in 1993, it was decided that the act would become the FEMA. This was done i n order to relax the controls on foreign exchange in India, as a result of economical liberalization. FEMA served to make transactions for external trade (exportsandimports) easier transactions involving current account for external trade no longer required RBIs permission.The deals in Foreign Exchange were to be managed instead of regulated. The switch to FEMA shows the change on the part of the government in terms of foreign capital. 3 - editNeed for its management The get and selling of foreigncurrencyand other debt instruments by businesses, individuals and governments happens in theforeign exchange market. Apart from being very competitive, this market is also the largest and most placid market in the world as well as inIndia. 4It constantly undergoes changes and innovations, which can either be beneficial to a country or expose them to greaterrisks. The management of foreign exchange market becomes necessary in order to mitigate and avoid the risks. key bankswould work to wards an orderly surgical procedure of the transactions which can also develop their foreign exchange market. 5 Whether under FERA or FEMAs control, the need for the management of foreign exchange is important. It is necessary to keep adequate amount of foreign exchange reserves, especially when India has to go in for imports of certain goods.By maintaining sufficient reserves, Indias foreign exchange policy marked a shift from Import Substitution to Export Promotion. 6 - editMain Features Activities such as payments made to any person outside India or receipts from them, along with the deals in foreign exchange and foreign security is restricted. It is FEMA that gives the central government the power to impose the restrictions. Restrictions are imposed on people living in India who carry out transactions in foreign exchange, foreign security or who own or hold immovable property abroad. Without general or specific permission of theReserve Bank of India, FEMA restricts the transa ctions involving foreign exchange or foreign security and payments from outside the country to India the transactions should be made only through an authorised person. Deals in foreign exchange under thecurrent accountby an authorised person can be restricted by the Central Government, based on public interest. Although selling or drawing of foreign exchange is done through an authorised person, the RBI is empowered by this Act to subject thecapital accounttransactions to a number of restrictions. People living in India will be permitted to carry out transactions in foreign exchange, foreign security or to own or holdimmovable propertyabroad if the currency, security or property was owned or acquired when he/she was living outside India, or when it was inherited to him/her by someone living outside India. Exporters are needed to furnish their export details to RBI. To ensure that the transactions are carried out properly, RBI may ask the exporters to comply to its necessary requ irements. 7

Acquisitions: Motivations & Challenges Essay

a. hear five main motivations (discussed in class) for acquiring a comp both(prenominal)(prenominal). Provide a specific, real-world achievement mannikin for each motivation. b. Which ternion motivations are most pertinent to Paragon Tools potentiality acquisition of MonitoRobotics in the Growing for Broke role? c. Identify the four main challenges (discussed in class) when exe burn downing a corporate acquisition. Provide a specific, real-world acquisition example for each challenge. 2. Blue Ocean dodge a. Draw a strategy canvas for the Nintendo Wii and concisely describe what it says ab out wherefore Nintendo has been successful in much(prenominal) a competitive constancy. Include the Sony Playstation and the Microsoft Xbox on the canvas. b. Identify and briefly describe the six paths to finding Blue Oceans. Give a specific, real-world example of each path (former(a) than the examples I gave in class).3. lake herring Systems encyclopaedism Strategy a. Outcomes of nea rly 75% of corporate acquisitions fail to meet managerial expectations. Identify 7 reasons wherefore cisco Systems has been much successful than most several(prenominal) other companies in executing over 100 acquisitions (see the cardinal attached articles). b. Identify 3 reasons why cisco Systems began having trouble with its acquisition strategy. 4. variegation at Starbucks a. expatiate and concisely ex diaphanous the Boston Consulting Groups Growth-Share matrix. Make sure you post i. the dimensions upon which the Matrix is based ii. each type of businesses embodied in the Matrixs quadrants iii. the three affaireal assumptions of the forge b. Specifically apply the model to Starbucks product diversification efforts since the 1990s (see the attached article). c. Concisely explain two reasons why BCGs Growth-Share Matrix might not accurately reflect Starbucks historical development.5. Googles International Strategy a. Identify and briefly explain the three types of interna tional strategy. b. Identify Googles international strategy and explain why Google Finance would have only been possible under that strategy (see Tom Friedmans Outsourcing, Schmoutsourcing Out Is Over article below). c. Give a specific, real-world example of each of the other two types of international strategy. 6. Reconfiguration in the PersonalComputer (PC) Industry a. Identify and briefly explain six distinct methods that firms can use to acquire the resources and capabilities they need to develop newly products and businesses. b. Drawing on our discussion of the strategic sourcing framework, briefly describe and/or illustrate the relative advantages and disadvantages of these methods.c. Both PC software and hardware manufacturers have been forced to adapt to the rapidly evolving industry in allege to survive. Using the PC industry, contribute a specific example of 5 of these 6 methods. d. Briefly explain why Xerox whitethorn be great success and the worst failure in the his tory of the PC industry. 7. Outsourcing at GM a. Concisely describe the Strategic Sourcing Framework. Be sure to identify the relevant costs/advantages associated with the desexualise-or- steal decision.b. In February 2006, GM announced a Brobdingnagian package of outsourcing contracts. See the attached article. Using the Strategic Sourcing Framework and our class discussions of GM, explain why GM chose to do this. c. Concisely describe the disadvantages GM faced in choosing to outsource, like this. 8. In the early 2000s, Boeing began aggressively outsourcing the development and production of the 787 airplane design. By late 2008, Boeing managers admitted that they made some mi adventure in pursuing the outsourcing strategy and that Boeing would significantly curtail outsourcing. List Boeings initial motivations for outsourcing and the reasons behind its subsequent change of heart.9. Diversification a. Concisely describe and explain the relationship between diversification and cor porate performance. b. Give one example each of companies with very low diversification, very high-pitched diversification, and moderate diversification. Make sure these examples accurately reflect the relationship you described in part a. c. In class, I argued that Tyco could be considered an exception to the generally tacit relationship between diversification and performance. Explain why you think this is true or untrue. d. Regardless of how you answered part c, identify 4 or 5 slipway that Tycos diversification strategy is different from typical corporations corporate strategy.10. Hybrid Engine Technology & Industry Evolution a. Concisely explain what type of industry disruption best describes Toyotasintroduction of the first hybrid engine car targeted for the United States mass mart. c. Give a specific historical example (from any industry) of the other major type industry disruption. d. Using a technological S-curve graph (Walker Figure 4.5), illustrate the evolution of the automobile engine. In your illustration, make sure you capture the development of 1) hybrid, 2) hydrogen fuel cell, and 3) standard gas-powered combustion engine technologies. Also include in the illustration indicators of todays term in addition to the dates at which each technology was (will be) introduced to the U.S. mass market. e. Concisely explain Utterbacks model of innovation (Walker Figure 4.4). f. Use Utterbacks model to specifically and concisely explain why hydrogen fuel cell engines might not be commercially vi qualified for a very, very sizeable time.How cisco Makes Takeovers Work With Rules, Focus On Client Needs By Mike Angell, Investors Business Daily Investors Business Daily investiture in technology is risky. Just ask lake herring Systems. In 1997, the networking leader bought Dagaz, a company that made cogwheel for digital subscriber lines. Dagaz wasnt solid, and lake herring had to buy another company to get the right product. You have to be ready to take those risks, said Ammar Hanafi, ciscos business development manager. Hes been involved in almost every cisco takeover since 1998. But Dagaz was an exception among the 70 companies Cisco has bought in the last seven years. That makes Cisco an exception, too.According to a study by consultant A.T. Kearney, more than one-half of mergers dont work out. Here are some of Ciscos rules Stay close to home 73% of Ciscos targets make network gear. Deals make geographic sense, too. Theyre close to a Cisco whole or a key recitalnt capital. Get early wins targets have products customers want right now. Familiarity Cisco has stakes in 15% of its targets. Think wasted Cisco buys start-ups mostly Management waistcloth and quickly learns the Cisco way. Beyond those factors, Cisco looks at what the target firm wants to accomplish, the needs of Ciscos customers and how targets fit. Cisco is the best example of a company with a well-established acquisition and post merger strategy, Kearneys Max Schroeck said. Many failed mergers stem from companies nerve-racking to accede new markets or near cutcosts. Successful mergers are between companies in related lines, the study says. That delegacy joining people who share knowledge and experience.Cisco stays close to network gear. It strays, but not far. Smaller forays have been in Net-based phone gear (3%), software for content delivery (15%) and wireless gear (8%). Customer Focus Were alship canal focused on our customers wants and needs, Hanafi said. Were always expanding the range of products we have as our customers own networks expand. The best example may be Ciscos first acquisition in 1993. CEO John chamber, then Ciscos top salesman, was negotiating an order. But the client leaned toward a rival. So Cisco bought the rival, Crescendo communications, for $ 89 million. Crescendos product was no killer, Hanafi said. But by the third generation, it brought in almost half of Ciscos sales. The first generation should be keen decent for a customer, Hanafi said. The second generation is usually a great product. By the third, it should be a market leader.Buy Vs. Invest But how does Cisco know this will be the case? Homework. Thirty people screen companies, probe market potential and talk to likely targets. Its engineers study products, and it queries customers. In some cases, this leads to an investment one that helps Cisco learn approximately new technologies. If its a new market and product line, Cisco will invest. If the technology isnt ready but looks right, Cisco will invest as well. Were always looking to enter new parts of the network, Hanafi said.Sometimes there are companies that are not as strategic, but wed like to know what they do. Of the 20 companies Cisco bought this year, it had stakes in eight. Overall, it has stakes in most 15% of its possible targets. Sometimes investments prompt Cisco to go with a rival. Two years ago, Cisco bought a stake in a company called Tellium that made an optical switch. Following some changes at Tellium, and subsequently learning about that market, Cisco bought Monterey mesh topologys instead for $ viosterol million. Cisco still has a passive investment in Tellium but may dish out its stake when it can, Hanafi says. For the most part, Cisco targets start-ups. Chambers doesnt turn over mergers of equals can work. The Kearney study agrees. Itsaid nearly one-third of mergers of equals destroy shareholder value. Ciscos 1996 buy of StrataCom makes the point. At $ 4 trillion, StrataCom was Ciscos largest takeover to date. StrataComs sales force touted one data standard, Ciscos another.Users were confused. Integrating the two sales forces was more difficult, Hanafi said. Geographys Role Cisco also has a rule that targets must be physically near one another. This year, Cisco added a fourth company to its Israeli portfolio. And it added its second Canadian company, a software firm called PixStream. These areas are promising new high-tec h hubs, and Cisco needs to go where the talent is. pile asked us why buy PixStream? Its in Waterloo, Canada, Hanafi said. Its right next to the University of Waterloo, a good school for engineers. Though it may take up to two years to identify a potential acquisition, Cisco doesnt waste time closing the deal.Hanafi has seen some sealed in as few as 10 days. Ultimately, Cisco buys talent. It woos people by telling them Cisco will help make their product No. 1. Integration Teams Were saying to them, Use our sales force, our manufacturing size, Hanafi said. rally in and well help make you a leader. Thats kept 75% of acquired companies CEOs at Cisco. Cisco sets up a chain of command, and the CEO of the acquired company stays in charge. Integration is easier. Cisco has made integrating companies a discipline. Hanafi has a police squad of 10 people who run this process. They send up to 65 others from sales, benevolent resources, manufacturing and finance to meet with every worker to discuss salaries, benefits and roles.The first question people ask after being acquired by Cisco is, Whats exit to happen to my dentist? Hanafi said.Cisco Shopped till It Nearly Dropped By John A. Byrne and Ben Elgin in San Jose, Calif., BusinessWeek It was an all-too-typical deal for Cisco Systems Inc. Monterey Networks Inc., an opticalrouting startup in which Cisco held a minority stake, was a quarry with no revenue, no products, and no customers alone millions in losses it had racked up since its founding in 1997. Despite those deficits, Cisco plunked down a half-trillion dollars in stock to buy the rest of the company in 1999. But within days of closing the deal, all three of Montereys founders, including its engineering guru and of import systems architect, walked out the door, taking with them millions of dollars in gains from the sale. I came to the realization I wasnt going to have any meaningful impact on the product by staying, says H. Michael Zadikian, a Monterey fou nder.Eighteen months later, Cisco shut down the business altogether, sacking the rest of the management group and taking a $ 108 million write- glowering. That dismal tale hardly jibes with Ciscos widespread reputation as an acquisitions whiz. Not since the conglomerate era has a company relied so heavily on its magnate to identify, acquire, and integrate other companies for produce. CEO John T. Chambers believed that if Cisco lacked the internal resources to develop new products in six months, it had to buy its way into the market or miss the window of opportunity. Some put a new name on it acquisitions and development, a way for the company to shortcut the usual research cycle. Its principle in the strategy has led Cisco to gobble up more than 70 companies in the past eight years. Analysts and academics heaped praise on Ciscos acquisitions prowess in articles, books, and business-school case studies.In the early days, some of this praise was deserved, as Cisco morphed from a r outer company to a networking powerhouse. Its first acquisition, Crescendo Communications Inc., guided Cisco into the switching business, which generated $ 10 billion in sales last year. All told, acquisitions have laid the foundation for about 50% of Ciscos business. But in early 1999, with exuberant investors enticing a growing number of unproven companies to go public, Cisco suddenly had to acquire companies at a much earlier stage. Cisco had long claimed an unprecedented success rate of 80% with its acquisitions. Chambers now says it fell to something like 50% during the profit craze still above the industry average.We bet on products 12 to 18 months out, concedes Chambers. We took dramatically higher risks. Chambers often maintained that his acquisition strategy was aimed at acquiring brainpower more than products. But an analysis of the 18 acquisitions Cisco made in 1999 shows that Monterey was no fluke. Many of the most valuable employees, the super driven founders and chie f executives of these acquired companies, have sincebolted, taking with them a good deal of the expertise and experience for which Cisco paid top dollar. The two founders of StratumOne Communications Inc., a maker of opticalsemiconductors purchased for $ 435 million, left Cisco. The chief exec of GeoTel Communications Corp., a call-routing outfit acquired for $ 2 billion, walked out after nine months. So did the CEOs or founders of Sentient Networks, MaxComm Technologies, WebLine Communications, Tasmania Network Systems, Aironet Wireless Communications, V-Bits, and Worldwide Data Systems all high-priced acquisitions in 1999. Some simply felt Cisco had become too big and too slow. People who crave risk dont do so well at Cisco, says Narad Networks CEO Dev Gupta, who sold Dagaz and MaxComm Technologies Inc. to Cisco in 1997 and 1999, respectively.Cisco focuses much more on immediate customer needs, less on high-wire technology development that customers may want two to three years ou t. Chambers maintains that Ciscos turnover rates are the best in high technology. In our industry, 40% to 80% of the top management team and top engineers are done for(p) within two years, he says. Our voluntary attrition rate is about 12% over two years. Difficulty holding on to top talent was not the only flaw in the Cisco acquisition machine. Cisco often paid outrageous sums for these unprofitable startups a total of $ 15 billion in 1999 alone. Even some of the deals that Cisco considers successful look pretty dreadful using simple math. Its 1999 acquisition of Cerent Corp., a maker of opticalnetworking gear, is a good example. Cisco paid $ 6.9 billion for the company, or $ 24 million for each of Cerents 285 employees, even though the company had never earned a cent of profit and had an accumulated deficit of $ 60 million.Even if earnings bounce back to 2000 levels of roughly $ 335 million, it would take Cisco about 20 years to derive the purchase price. Of course, deals such a s Cerent found their rationale in Wall Street math. If investors were willing to pay 100 times earnings for Ciscos stock in 1999, then a Cerent profit of, say, $ 300 million could effectively increase the market cap of Cisco by some $ 30 billion. Call it bubble frugals. Besides, many of these deals were done for highly inflated Cisco stock instead ofcash. Even so, that wampum could have been used to buy other assets that could have delivered greater returns. Only in the months since the bubble burst has it become evident just how muddled Ciscos mergers-and-acquisitions strategy became. In its downfall to do deals, Cisco often purchased companies it didnt need or couldnt use.In some cases, the buying spree led to overlapping, duplicative technologies, political infighting, and just plain wasted resources, as Monterey shows. M&A works to some extent, but at Cisco, it got out of hand, says Iqbal Husain, a former engineering executive at Cisco. by and by losing many of the leaders of these businesses, product delays and other mishaps were not uncommon. When Cisco closed down Monterey, for example, the company still hadnt put a product out for testing, which alone would take as long as a full year.By the time the product was there to test, the market wasnt, says Joseph Bass, former CEO of Monterey. Chambers says he has moved to correct the flaws. Its acquisition binge has slowed from 41 companies from 1999 through 2000 to just two purchases in 2001. While Chambers expects to do 8 to 12 acquisitions this year, he insists that market conditions will let Cisco wait at least until a target company has a proven product, customers, and management team before cutting a deal. Were making the decisions to acquire a company based on a later point in time, which dramatically lowers the risk, Chambers says. Anything more ambitious, Cisco now knows, may be foolhardy.A Costly Acquisition Strategy Often lauded for its buyout successes, Cisco has purchased more than 70 companie s in the past eight years. In 1999 alone, it paid $15 billion for 18 startups, many of which never delivered on their early promise. Here are the most illustrious COMPANY PRICE STATUS SKINNY CERENT $6.9 Alive and Although Cerent has generated $1 billion well billion in estimated sales for Cisco, two decades could be needed to find the steep price.PIRELLI $2.2 Alive but A disappointing attempt to bolster OPTICAL billion struggling Ciscos long-haul optical networking. SYSTEMS But Pirellis technology still trails that of rivals. MONTEREY $500 Dumped Thisupstart optical company never NETWORKS million in April produced a viable product, and Cisco cut its losses with a $108 million write-off in April. AMTEVA $170 Sold at a Lackluster revenue forced Cisco to million loss in July sell this unified-messaging business. MAXCOMM $143 Part of their Founders and key technologists walked TECHNOLOGIES million DSL strategy out soon after the deal closed. Data BusinessWeekThe Toronto Star April 28, 2006 Friday SECTION BUSINESS Pg. F01 LENGTH 631 haggling HEADLINE Starbucks develops taste for independent films BYLINE Sharda Prashad, Toronto Star BODYFirst it was coffee berry, then CDs, now its movies. Today, the independent flick Akeelah and the Bee will make its debut in theatres, with a marketing boost from Starbucks. The java giant is advertising the Lionsgate Entertainment Corp. film about spelling bees, starring Laurence Fishburne and Angela Bassett, by using promotional coffee sleeves, coasters and displays in stores. Neither party has disclosed the amount of cash thats changing hands in this deal, other than divulging Starbucks will be receiving a cut of the films profits for its marketing efforts. And when the DVD goes on sale, it will get a share of those profits the DVD, by the way, will be unattached at Starbucks.Akeelahs soundtrack will also be flogged at the coffee house. Our customer is the demographic that Hollywood needs as it is facing a double-digit dusk in the box office and slowing DVD sales, Howard Schultz, Starbucks chairman, told Business Week earlier this year. We have a unique cross-section of assets a foundation of assert and confidence in Starbucks that can promote a move that our customers know is relevant. But is the purveyor of java risking its strong brand appeal by moving extraneous from its coffee core with this latest venture? Starbucks, named for a character in the literary classic Moby Dick, currently has 11,000 outlets in 37 countries and is planning to open 1,800 this year. Its long-term plan is to have 30,000 outlets around the world. Starbucks doesnt sell coffee, it sells a retail environment thats chic, urban andauthentic, says Jay Handelman, marketing professor at Queens University School of Business.If they were just selling coffee, why would they (customers) pay $4? Since Starbucks is in the business of selling an urban experience, the professor says, the foray into a movie such as Akeelah and the Bee is consistent with that brand since the film is an urban, intellectual tale. If the movies and coffee were selling different experiences, the brand strategy wouldnt work since customers would be confused about what Starbucks stood for, adds Andrea Wojnicki, marketing professor at University of Torontos Rotman School of Management. Should the movie do poor box office sales, it wont necessarily affect the Starbucks brand, she says. Starbucks is about connoisseurship, she argues. It introduced people to the subtleties of coffee and its attempting to do the same with its CDs, which it started selling in 1995. The CD venture has also involved an urban experience.In 2004, for example, it coproduced Ray Charles superstar Loves Company and last year it held exclusive distribution for Alanis Morissettes Jagged Little Pill Acoustic. Should the movie become a box office flop, Starbucks isnt necessarily in trouble, says Wojnicki. It could hold up its connoisseur flag and say its campaign is a bout appreciating art and not about flogging blockbusters. It could also be argued that Starbucks took a growth opportunity that has stretched its brand too far, argues Mary Crossan, business policy professor at the University of Western Ontario. When they start to move into movies, theyre not leveraging their resources or capabilities (in coffee).Starbucks has stated that it is not interested in producing movies, just promoting them, but Crossan warns that companies need be careful about taking focus extraneous from the core business. And Starbucks has made some poor business choices. It has failed in previous ventures, including an attempt to get into the Internet business in the 1990s and an in-house magazine called Joe that folded after three issues. But Akeelah star Angela Bassett thinks the movie business is a good move for Starbucks. Everybodys got something to sell, she told Newsweek. You just have to be sure of what youre trying to sell.Copyright New York Times Company May 19, 2006 I was on my way from downtown Budapest to the airport the other day when my driver, Jozsef Bako, mentioned that if I had any friends who were planning to come to Hungary, they should just contact him through his Web site www.fclimo.hu. He explained that he could show people online all the different cars he has to leave and they could choose what they wanted. How much business do you get online? I asked him. About 20 to 25 percent, the Communist-eraengineer-turned-limo-proprietor said. The former secretary of state James Baker collar used to say that you know youre out of office when your limousine is yellow and your driver speaks Farsi. I would say, You know that the global economy is spinning off all kinds of new business models when your Hungarian driver has his own Web site in English, Magyar and German with background music.Jozsefs online Hungarian limo company is one of many new business models Ive come across lately that are clearly expanding the global economy in ways that are not visible to the naked eye. I was recently interviewing Ramalinga Raju, chairman of Indias Satyam Computer Services. Satyam is one of Indias top firms doing outsourced work from America, and Mr. Raju told me how Satyam had just started outsourcing some of its American work to Indian villages. The outsourcee has become the outsourcer. Mr. Raju said We told ourselves if business process outsourcing can be done from cities in India to support cities in the developed world, why cant it be done by villages in India to support cities in India. Things like processing employee records can be done from anywhere, so there is no reason it cant be done from a village. Satyam began with two villages a year ago and plans to scale up to 150.There is enough bandwidth now, even reaching big Indian villages, to parcel out this work, and the villagers are very eager. The attrition level is low, and the commitment levels high, Mr. Raju said. It is a way of breathing scotch life into v illages. It gives educated villagers a chance to stay on the land, he said, and not have to migrate to the cities. A short time later I was interviewing Katie Jacobs Stanton, a senior productmanager at Google, and Krishna Bharat, founder of Googles India lab. They told me that Google had just launched Google Finance, but what was interesting was that Google Finance was entirely conceived by the Google team in India and then Google engineers from around the world fed into that team rather than the projects being driven by Google headquarters in Silicon Valley.Its called around sourcing instead of outsourcing, because there is no more out anymore. Out is over. We dont have the idea of two kinds of engineers ones who think of things and others who implement them, Ms. Stanton said. We just told the team in India to think big, and what they came back with was Google Finance. Mr. Bharat added We have entered the generation of the virtual office. Product development happens across the gl obal campus now. Last story. Im in gray Newark speaking to local businessmen. I meet Andy Astor, chief executive of EnterpriseDB, which provides special features for the open-source database called PostgreSQL. His primary development team, he tells me, consists of 60 Pakistani engineers in Islamabad, who interact with the New Jersey headquarters via Internet-based videoconferencing.The New Jersey team software architects, product managers and executives comes to work a couple of hours early, eyepatch the Islamabad team comes in late, and we have at least five to six hours per day of overlap, Mr. Astor said. We therefore have multiple face-to-face meetings every day, which makes a huge digression for communication quality. We treat videoconference meetings as if we were all in the same room. What all these stories tell me is that we are seeing the emergence of collaborative business models that were simply out of the question a decade ago.Today, there are so many more tools, so many more ideas, so many more people able to put these ideas and tools together to discover new things, and so much better communications to disseminate these new ideas across the globe. If more countries can get just a few basic things right enough telecom and bandwidth so their people can get connected steadily improving education decent, corruption-free economic governance and the rule of law and we can find more sources of clean energy, there is every reason foroptimism that we could see even faster global growth in this century, with many more people lifted out of poverty.GMs Landmark in IT Outsourcing By Steve Hamm BusinessWeek 2/2/2006 A huge package of outsourcing contracts announced Feb. 2 by General Motors seems to signal shifting fortunes in the $600 billion-a-year information-technology services industry. EDS, GMs longtime primary supplier, lost ground, part Hewlett-Packards sometimes-overlooked services unit got a big lift. The profile of Indias tech industry rose when GM named one of the countrys leadership companies, Wipro, as a tier-one supplier. All told, about $7.5 billion in five-year contracts were awarded. Another $7.5 billion in contracts are expected to be parceled out as new projects come up over the next couple of years. EDS, which formerly had about two-thirds of GMs outsourcing business, still has the biggest share. It got contracts worth $3.8 billion or about half of the business. HPs contracts totaled $700 million, and GM called it out as one of the major gainers.IBM got $500 million in contracts. FINANCIAL SHADOW. The package is significant beyond its sheer size because its an indication of how GM Chief Information Officer Ralph Szygenda is reshaping the way the company handles tech outsourcing. He handed contracts in large chunks to companies that will handle them on a global basis rather than country by country. Also, GM and the tech suppliers worked together to create new standards for managing technology, which means al l suppliers will do things in a uniform way. Szygenda says the new strategy will allow GM to improve global collaboration while assuring reliability of its computing systems and cutting costs. It lets GM focus on innovation rather than spending a lot of time on managing its suppliers, he said at a press conference. GMs financial woes cast a shadow over the announcement, however. The carmaker reported a $4.8 billion quarterly loss on Jan. 26.While Szygenda said low prices were only a secondary impetus behind the way he structured the outsourcing contracts, some suppliers didnt even participate in the bidding, most notably, Accenture. Others said they didnt bid on all of the pieces because they were concerned they wouldnt make enough funds on them. A BIG KICK. Yetthose who did win contracts were jubilant. HP selectively bid on areas where we know we can do a great blood line and where focus was on core areas of importance to HP and GM, says Steve Smith, senior vice-president of HP S ervices. His business is often overshadowed by IBM and Accenture, but it has been gaining momentum lately.Its revenues grew 6% in HPs fourth quarter, to $3.9 billion. Last quarter, IBMs services revenues were in the doldrums, declining 5%, to $12 billion. Wipro had already been doing some work for GM, but the new package gives it a credibility lift. Its contracts were worth $300 million over five years. Wipro Executive Vice-President Girish Paranjpe says the company is delighted to be picked. Its a huge morale mavin for us to be able to play with the big boys, he says. Also, because were the only tier-one player GM picked from India, its a big kick for us.If GMs new strategy for managing outsourcing works well, it could become a model for other large corporations. The package has five-year contracts instead of the more traditional 10-year pacts and splits the work up among several suppliers instead of relying predominantly on one. This is a tipping point for IT, says Robert McNeill , principal analyst at Forrester Research. Organizations will have to add skills to their vendor management function and make transition management a key for success when moving to a more flexible services model. Another lesson from the contract Even financially troubled companies are spending big on IT. Thats great news for the tech titans that got a bigger piece of the GM pie. It should even provide solace to EDS, however diminished its share.

Home School vs. Public School Essay

I prefer blank space schooling over man schooling which one do you prefer? thither are both(prenominal) pros and cons for both Home Schooling and Public Schooling. I am going to explain this all to you in my essay. I personally was basis schooled for a fewer years during pith and high school. All of elementary school and part of middle school I went to a regular school. My reasoning for choosing to be category schooled is I have Agoraphobia which is an anxiety disorder caused by situations where people perceive the environment as being difficult to escape or get help. As soon as I would walk into a class room I would have a panic attack. One thing I desire about public school was being able to play volleyball. I loved playing it for the little bit of time that I was in middle school. Even though I wasnt really all that great, So I didnt play very much.That is one con of being home schooled. You dejectionnot play sports affiliated with any school. A pro for public schooling i s you have a group environment to learn in with others to help you. On the other hand with home schooling you are on your own. In home schooling you have less choices of curriculum as you would if you were going to public school. You also have more diversity in public school. When going to public school you have a higher student to teacher ratio, without delay with home schooling there is a small teacher to student ratio. In home schooling you are free to choose your schedule, as in public school your schedule is strict and chosen for you. Public school chooses the curriculum for you.Unlike in home schooling you can choose your own. There are now roughly millions of children being home schooled. Being home schooled teaches students to be independent in their learning choices. Sometimes home schooling can be more expensive than going to public school. Teachers are not always qualified to teach all subjects, and colleges sometimes have stricter admission policies concerning home scho oled students. It is also harder to provide social interaction when being home schooled. Like I had stated before I prefer home schooling save everyone has their own opinions. This is the reason why I have enrolled myself into the University of Phoenix online. So that I can have the flexibility of my classes, this way I can pasture around my everyday life and not miss out when it comes to spending time with my boys. I hope that the information in my essay was helpful to you.

Nursing Research article critique Effects of nursing rounds

The article Effects of nurse rounds on uncomplainings call light use, felicity and synthetic rubber as reported by Meade, Bursell, & Ketelsen (2006) examines the possible implications that implementation of regular rounds by nurses might have on diligents and nurses. The purpose of the study is to determine the extent to which the relative frequency of responding to call lights affects patient-care management and the possible contribution that frequent nurse presence can make. The in pendent variables are scheduled one-hour or two-hour rounds as they affect the dependent variables of number and frequency of patient use of call button, patient satisfaction and the safety of patients.The look for functions under the hypothesis that scheduled rounds by breast feeding staff, involving the movement of certain mundane tasks related to patient comfort and concerns, on medical, surgical or medical-surgical wards would have the effect of reducing the rate of use of call lights by pati ents, of increasing overall patient satisfaction and of improving the safety of patients. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables is thus expected to be positive. This hypothesis immediately aligns with the specific purpose of the study.The literature reviewed in this study is quite comprehensive covering material from both classic and modern sources. Materials cited are from primary data sources and the majority fall within five years prior to the research. The concepts examined are rounding, patient satisfaction and call light usage. Table 1 provides a amount of activities involved in rounding procedures. The literature review examines prior research exploring the variables under consideration such as the correlation between rounding and patient safety and between rounding and frequency of use of call light. The authors note, however, that specific research exploring the relationship of the nursing rounds on the aforementioned variables is lacking or in adequate. This research presents new knowledge on the correlation between scheduled rounds by nurses only and modify care delivery.The theoretical framework that forms the basis of the research is that improved patient-care management and patient satisfaction and safety are achievable with interventions that nurses can initiate and carry out. The research is of a quasi-experimental design which means that the researcher had small influence over the assignment of the infirmary units into either of the experimental or control group.Hospitals opted to experiment with either a one-hour or a two-hour round in a medical, surgical or medical-surgical unit plus a control group in a separate unit over a 4 week period. Some administrators were asked to change a particular choice, however, so as to ensure equitable distribution across groups. Nurses in the experimental groups were trained on the procedures to follow during the rounds. The control group received no intervention but was brief ed on how to record the use of call lights by patients.The sample consists of 46 units in 22 hospitals across 14 states and representing both urban and rural populations. To be eligible hospitals were required to have medical, surgical or medical-surgical units, less than 5% out-of-door agency employees and nurse managers capable of overseeing the research. There is no evidence of randomization. Informed consent was through hospital administrators. The sample size is quite small devoted that there were only about 16 units per subgroup or a little over one per state. The sample size is not thus reasonable or equitable.Call light logs were used to record the room and time as well as to specify which of 26 given reasons, were responsible for patient calls. Patient satisfaction data was obtained from hospital administered surveys and questionnaires. Patient safety was recorded as the number of falls. Where reliability and validity of data was questionable they were not included in the analysis.Data order strategies were clearly described except for the questionnaire which the researchers had no control over. Data analysis procedures which include the use of means and t-test comparisons of the times that call lights were used among the groups. Ranking and variety were used to determine the life-threateningness of the calls made and the most frequent reasons. Paired t tests were used to analyze number of patient falls to determine patient safety.Results reveal that frequent rounds improve patient care as supported by the data showing one-hour rounds having a more significant impact on the other variables. The researchers believe that the findings are generalizable to the majority of U.S. hospitals. This view is questionable given the numerous limitations of the research. Further research into the possible correlation of these variables in different hospital settings, across different units, among diverse populations is needed. A more longitudinal survey would best reveal generalizability.The sample size of the research was quite small. There was a lack of randomization so hospitals seemed to have chosen the experimental method that was more appealing to them. Researchers had little control over some of the instruments and thus were inefficient to ensure their reliability or validity. There were also no adequate procedures put in place to ensure nurse compliance in playacting rounds and completing logs. Additionally staff may have been rotated between groups and thus brought practices from one into the other.The findings of this research, though not assoilly generalizable, have significant implications for nursing practice and general health care administration. If further research into the correlation between regular rounds and improved patient safety and satisfaction corresponds to the present findings consequently administrators will need to consider reorganizing their nursing schedules.The benefits to be gained from having nurses perform routine rounds seem to be positive and therefore the implementation of this method could become a mainstay of health institutions. Of course the research suggests that nurses do not have to complete these rounds, that other personnel could be utilized in accomplishing this. However, where constraints of resources are limited, having nurses complete regular rounds could be a very economical option.Meade, Bursell, & Ketelsen (2006) suggest that the consequent impact of these rounds on overall patient satisfaction and safety could have a corresponding positive effect on the number of lawsuits filed against hospitals for negligent practices. More routine monitoring of patients implies that nurses are able to check both serious and non serious matters before they escalate. Particularly with one-hour rotations serious relapses in patients health while they are unsupervised would be avoided. It is in the rare case where patients experiencing difficulties are unable to bring in me dical assistance in a reasonable amount of time. Discomfort could therefore be estimated during these routine visits.This could be a solution administrators use to speech communication nursing shortages, ensuring that patients are adequately monitored. Long-term scheduling of rounds could be done in little time bearing in mind staff allocations. Where necessary other staff may be utilized even alternating rounds with nurses so that the patient is visited by a nurse every two hours.Further nurses would be held more accountable for the patients in their care. Administrators contemplating this method could also consider using logs to record the time of patient visits and the state of the patient during these visits and requiring that nurses complete these logs. Though this suggests more time demands it will mean patients calling on the nurses unnecessarily out of the scheduled round times and nurses having more time in between to go through to critical matters such as patient educati on. Nursing schools will also have to consider including additional training on round procedures. ReferencesMeade, C. M., Bursell, A. L., & Ketelsen, L. (2006, Sept). Effects of nursing rounds on patients call light use, satisfaction and safety. American Journal of Nursing, 106(9), 58-70.